Relationship Between Assertion and Aggression with Addiction Potential: A Cross-Sectional Study in 2019

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the relationship between assertion and aggression with addiction potential among students in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, 500 students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, were selected by multistage random sampling, for a study using the Addiction Potential Scale, and Assertion and Aggression Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square, t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the linear regression model.ResultsThe mean scores of addiction potential, aggression, and assertion were 32.7 ± 17.2, 41.5 ± 12.9 and 139.4 ± 22.3, respectively. In this study, 38.8% (N = 194) of students had high aggression and 76.8% (N = 384) had high assertion. In the regression model, aggression, history of drug and addictive substances abuse, history of tobacco use, and history of alcohol abuse were significantly related to addiction potential (p ≤ 0.05). There was a negative relationship between assertion and addiction potential so that with one-unit increase in the assertion score, the addiction potential score decreased by −0.11.ConclusionGiven the direct relationship between aggression and addiction potential, and since more than three-quarters of the students had moderate to high aggression, it is necessary to pay more attention to this issue. Interventions may play an important role in improving the current situation.

Sexual Satisfaction and Related Factors among Iranian Married Women, 2017

@#Introduction: Sexual satisfaction is one of the important factors in marital satisfaction that affects couples' health and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine sexual satisfaction and its related factors among married women in Shahroud, northeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 and 500 married women were evaluated using Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using chi-square, one-way ANOVA and a multiple regression model. Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.8 (SD= 8.7) years, and the length of the marriage was 11.05 (SD= 9.1). Among the participants, 4.4% (N=22) had low sexual satisfaction; 37.8% (N=189) had moderate satisfaction. The bivariate analysis showed significant relationships between sexual satisfaction and variables including age, husband's age, length of marriage, number of children, education, husband's education and income (p<0.001). The regression analysis also indicated significant relationships between sexual satisfaction and education (P=0.006), length of the marriage (P<0.001) and income (P=0.005). Conclusion: Socio-economic variables such as education and income are among the main factors related to sexual satisfaction. However, counseling couples on sexual issues after marriage can help improve their sexual satisfaction.

The Relationship Between Health-Promoting Lifestyle and Its Related Factors with Self-Efficacy and Well-Being of Students

OBJECTIVES: Unhealthy lifestyles among young people are seriously related to incapacity and health problems in adulthood. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of a health-promoting lifestyle and its association with self-efficacy and well-being. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 500 students from Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (Shahroud, Iran) were randomly selected in 2017. The Persian versions of Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile, Self-Efficacy Scale, and WHO-5 Well-Being Index were used. RESULTS: Among the participants, 34% of students had an abnormal imaginable well-being, and 68% of students had high self-efficacy. The mean score of a health-promoting lifestyle was 127.47 ± 19.78, which is interpreted as moderate, and the mean score of physical activity was 14.10 ± 4.95, which is poor. There was a significant relationship between well-being, and self-efficacy with health-promoting lifestyle. Age, gender, educational level, place of residence, student employment, self-efficacy, and well-being were associated with students’ lifestyles. CONCLUSION: A health-promoting lifestyle of students in this study was moderate and they did not have an acceptable level of physical activity. The direct effect of well-being, and self-efficacy on lifestyle, revising students’ curriculums to improve their health behaviors, and general health indicators, can all lead to the enhancement of health-promoting lifestyles.

Study of the Relationship Between Self-Efficacy, General Health and Burnout Among Iranian Health Workers

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between self-efficacy, general health and burnout of the staff at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.METHODS: In 2015, 249 staff at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences (from a total reference population of 520 staff members) were selected through stratified random sampling. To collect the data, Sherer self-efficacy Scale, General Health Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. The collected data were analyzed through ANOVA, Pearson correlation and Chi-square tests using SPSS 16. The relationship between self-efficacy, general health and burnout (latent factors) were studied using structural equation modeling with Stata 14.RESULTS: The mean age of participants was 36.97 ± 7.60 years, and the mean number of years work experience was 12.29 ± 7.57. The mean scores of general health, self-efficacy and burnout were 28.24 ± 11.14, 62.30 ± 9.21 and 81.67 ± 22.18, respectively. The results of the study showed a statistically significant relationship between self-efficacy and general health which equals −0.32. A statistically significant relationship also existed between burnout scores and general health scores (beta = 0.78).CONCLUSION: The results showed that high self-efficacy improves the general health of employees at the Shahroud University of Medical Sciences and reduces burnout. Special attention should be paid to self-efficacy in the prevention of burnout.

Successful implementation of general health policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran: barriers and mechanisms

Background: The general health policies for the Islamic Republic of Iran were approved in April 2014.

Aims: This study examined the barriers currently faced by general health policies and the mechanisms required for the successful implementation of these polices.

Methods: This qualitative study was conducted as a two-phase project based on standard CAN-IMPLEMENT guidelines. A set of qualitative methods, including face-to-face in-depth interviews, focus groups, and in-person consensus meetings, were used to clarify mechanisms and barriers.

Results: Twenty-one mechanisms and 13 barriers were identified. The majority of mechanisms were related to the development of health infrastructures and appropriate allocation of resources. The most significant barriers to implementation of general health policies were lack of formulated strategies, poor management, lack of a comprehensive national action plan, minimal information infrastructures, and inadequate funding.

Conclusions: A thorough understanding of barriers and mechanisms for implementation of general health policies can provide the necessary background to ensure successful health promotion in the country.

Consanguinity and neonatal death: a nested case-control study

Although numerous studies have found higher rates of abortion and still births following consanguinity [familial marriages], the question of whether consanguinity significantly increases the risk of neonatal death has inadequately been addressed.This study aims to evaluate familial marriage effects on neonatal death in rural areas in Iran. In this nested case-control study, 6900 newbornswho were born in rural areas of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province [South-West of Iran] were followed till the end of neonatal period, and neonatal death was the outcome of interest. Subsequently 97 cases and 97 controls were selected in study cohort by using risk set sampling model. Crude and adjusted odds ratios [OR] were estimated by using a conditional logistic regression model. In the final model, prematurity [OR = 5.57], low birthweight [LBW] [OR = 7.68], consanguinity [first cousins] [OR = 5.23], C-section [OR = 7.27], birth rank more than 3 [OR = 6.95] and birthsinterval less than 24 months [OR = 4.65] showed significant statistical association with neonatal mortality [p < 0.05]. According to our findings, after adjusting the effects of other significant risk factors, familial marriage to first cousins is considered as an important risk factor for neonatal death

Persistent of neck/shoulder pain among computer office workers with specific attention to pain expectation, somatization tendency, and beliefs

Neck and shoulder pains are the prevalent complaints among computer office workers. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of Somatization tendency, expectation of pain, mental health and beliefs about causation of pain with persistence of neck/shoulder pains among computer office workers. This research is a kind of prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. It has done among all eligible computer office workers of Shahroud universities [n = 182] in 2008-2009 and 1-year later. Data were collected using the Cultural and Psychosocial Influences on Disability questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data through SPSS [P < 0.05]. At the baseline 100 [54.9%] of participants reported neck/shoulder pains and at follow-up 34.3% of them reported persistence pains. Significant relationships were found between persistence of neck/shoulder pains and negative expectation about pain in next 1-year P = 0.002, [odds ratio [OR] =8.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1 -32.9] and Somatization tendency P = 0.01, [OR = 6.5, 95% CI: 1.6-27.4]. Pain expectation and Somatization tendency recognized as associated risk factors of persistent neck/shoulder pain among computer operators. This confirmed some other similar studies on work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Europe countries in recent years

Parasitic contamination of raw vegetables in Shahroud, Semnan

Given the importance of healthy vegetables, the present study was conducted to determine parasitic infection of vegetable consumed in Shahroud. This cross-sectional study has been conducted on 92 samples of various vegetables collected from 16 vegetable growing farms and 1 vegetable process workshop. Sixty two percent of tested vegetables lacked parasites and the highest amount of parasites observed [34.78%] was related to Giardia lamblia. A significant relationship was observed between parasite and having toilets in the farms as well as the extent of farms. Safety of fertilizers consumed by farms and healthy fruits can have an effective role in reducing the parasitic infections.

[Family physician: the mutual satisfaction of physicians and health care team members]

Employee satisfaction is an important issue that can have a powerful effect on motivation levels. This study aimed at determining the level of satisfaction in family physicians and health care team members and factors influencing it in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. This applied study was conducted in a cross sectional frame in 2011. Sample size included all physicians [25] and all health care providers [224] who were working in health centers involved in family medicine projects. Separate self-questionnaire was filled by physician, assistances and other health care providers. Data was analyzed with SPSS software using Independent-samples t test, Chi square, One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Post hoc multiple comparisons test was Tukey. Family physicians covered about 96464 people. Mean of general satisfaction score in physicians was 97.2 +/- 15.5 that indicated medium satisfaction. There was no significant relation between physicians' general satisfaction and age, gender, marriage, acquaintance in family medicine and number of people that they covered. However, there was significant relation between family physicians satisfaction and the number of rotation during the project period, satisfaction of knowledge and skill, and cooperation of health care provider. In addition, there was significant difference among different professions and distance of health center from center of town. As family physicians are leaders of health care provider teams and considering their medium level of satisfaction, it is essential to give this group full attention in order to promote their motivation. In addition, it is crucial to consider coordination and staff problems and their instruction

[ national family physician and the quality of referral system]

Objective [s]: One of the recent reforms in the health system, rural insurance with a focus on family physician and is the referral system.This study was carried out in order to investigate the quality of the referra system in the national family physician plan in Shahroud

Methods: This applied study was carried out in a cross-sectional procedure in 2010. In this study, all the health care centers where the family physician plan was implemented were studied and 800 referred patients were investigated and the checklists and questionnaires were completed by observing the documents and interviewing the patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS, and the results were displayed in frequency distribution tables

Results: In 56.2% of the patients, the necessity of the reference was recognized by the physician, and in 43.8% of the cases, the patients had asked to be referred. In 66% of the cases, the level two physicians had been selected by the patients, and in 34% of the cases, they had been selected by the physician. 53% of the patients had been referred to private surgeries and clinics in level two. One-third of the patients had been referred by health houses and about one fifth of the references had led to patients' admission to hospitals. Only in 12.5% of the cases were there copies of the references from the family physicians to the health houses. Internists had received the largest number of the referred patients [16%] from level one. The quality of the feedback was desirable only in 8.4% of the patients. There was a significant relationship between the place of reference in level two and the feedback [P=0.002]

Conclusion: Although one of the aims of the national family physician plan has been and sill is the improvement of the reference system, the results show that there are serious problems in levels one and two and the removal of these problems will lead to the improvement of the services and consequently to patient satisfaction

Job satisfaction and its influential factors

This study aimed at determining the job satisfaction level of the staff in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences [SUMS], northern Iran, and its influential factors. In this descriptive study, conducted in 2008, the participants were 384 workers in SUMS selected through simple random sampling procedure. The participants received a 33-item questionnaire in a Likert format [8 general items and 25 items related to job satisfaction facets]. The collected data in form of frequencies and percentages were analyzed with SPSS software. 53.4% of interviewees were female and more than 60% had associate or higher degrees. 42.6% had less than 10 yr and 30.9% had 20 to 30 yr of job experience, respectively. The mean of the overall satisfaction was 13.02 out of 20. Regarding the facets of job satisfaction, work, coworkers, supervisor, and promotion had the highest means, respectively. Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients showed a significant relationship between overall satisfaction and the facets [P=0.001]. Analysis of variance also showed significant difference in overall satisfaction based on organizational units; however, no significant relationship was observed between overall satisfaction and gender, degree, age, job experience and type of employment. Improvement of promotion process, training and qualifying managers, observing meritocracy principles in appointments, using cooperative management, creating convivial and friendly atmosphere and improving work environment conditions, have brought about an increase in overall satisfaction of employees in SUMS

Drug abuse pattern and high risk behaviors among addicts in Shahroud County of Semnan province, northeast Iran in 2009

This study aimed at determining the drug abuse pattern and the frequency of high-risk behaviors among the clients of Methadone Maintenance Treatment Centers and Drop-in Centers in Shahroud County of Semnan Province. In this cross-sectional study, the data collection tool was a questionnaire including 10 general and 32 specific items about drug abuse pattern and high-risk behaviors. The data were collected via interview. The mean age of the subjects was 34.8 year. The patterns of opium consumption among the subjects before coming to treatment center were inhalation [44.4%], ingestion [25.7%], and injection [12.7%]. The subjects abused different types of opium before referring to the treatment centers including opium 88.42%, opium extract 65.5%, crack 48.0%, alcohol 30.3%, cannabix 19.8%, heroin 16.7%, and other substances 6.5%. Almost 42.4% of subjects had positive between the form of substance abuse and gender, education level, occupation and marital status. However the correlation between form of substance abuse and place of residence [P=0.014], income [P=0.03] and tobacco smoking [P=0.001] was statistically significant. The most prevalent pattern of drug consumption was inhalation. Opium and crack were the most frequent kind of drugs among study subjects. These results need serious attention in providing services through Methadone Maintenance Treatment Centers as well as Drop-in Centers. In addition, due to highly positive family history among addicts, family participation will play an important role in prevention